Africa redefines cross-border trade strategies amid global disruptions and sustainability imperatives
Johannesburg, 29 July 2025 – As global supply chains shift and geopolitical and environmental pressures intensify, African nations are reimagining how goods move across borders. PwC’s newly released Africa customs and cross border trade guide offers strategic insights into the evolving trade landscape across ten key markets: Kenya, Ghana, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Namibia, Rwanda, Egypt and Nigeria.
Modernisation. Integration. Opportunity.
Governments across the continent are modernising customs frameworks to simplify procedures, reduce clearance times and enhance transparency. These reforms are not only improving trade efficiency—they’re laying the foundation for long-term economic growth.
At the same time, regional integration is gaining momentum. Through active participation in Regional Economic Communities (RECs), African countries are harmonising standards, reducing tariff and non-tariff barriers and building more connected trade corridors.
“These partnerships are reshaping the continent’s trade architecture—unlocking new routes to market and strengthening Africa’s position in global value chains.”
Strategic insights for a changing landscape
The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) is a landmark initiative aimed at creating a single continental market. All ten profiled countries have ratified the agreement, and while implementation varies, the potential impact is clear: reduced tariffs, updated legal frameworks and initiatives such as Authorised Economic Operator (AEO) schemes are expected to significantly boost intra-African trade and unlock new economic opportunities.
“To further support trade and investment, many countries offer targeted customs incentives such as bonded warehousing, manufacturing under bond and duty remission schemes. These initiatives are designed to promote export-oriented manufacturing and attract both foreign and domestic investment.”
AEOs benefit from expedited processing, reduced clearance times and fewer inspections. In some jurisdictions, two tiers of AEO accreditation are available, offering additional advantages such as reduced security requirements and faster refunds. Regional AEO recognition is also emerging within certain RECs, further enhancing cross-border trade facilitation.
Charting the future of African trade
Collectively, the ten countries featured in PwC’s guide are making meaningful progress.
“Through modernised trade regulations, deeper regional integration and AfCFTA implementation, Africa is enhancing trade flows, attracting investment and driving sustainable economic growth. With continued focus on preferential trade agreements and customs facilitation, Africa is well-positioned to strengthen its role in global trade and seize the opportunities ahead.”
Explore the full report here
Africa customs and cross-border trade guide
Contact us
Verena Koobair
Head of Communications and Societal Purpose Firm Pillar Lead, PwC South Africa
Tel: +27 (0) 11 797 4873
