Resilience and adaptation are nothing new for African communities
The African narrative on climate change is morphing from a passive stance to a more proactive engagement, with the inaugural Africa Climate Summit 2023 exemplifying this shift. Central to Africa’s climate discourse are the frontline communities, whose livelihoods are often the first to be impacted by climate adversities. These communities, rich in indigenous knowledge, have much to offer in terms of sustainable climate solutions.
“Climate change is a global issue, but its impact is felt locally, and it affects African communities on the frontline the hardest.”
Frontline communities are those that are first and most severely affected by climate change. In Africa, these communities are often located in vulnerable regions such as coastal areas, arid and semi-arid lands and floodplains. They are predominantly made up of indigenous peoples, small-scale farmers and fisherfolk, who depend on natural resources for their livelihoods. Climate change poses an existential threat to these communities, as they experience extreme weather events, droughts, floods and rising sea levels, which exacerbate existing vulnerabilities. Women in these communities play a vital role in natural resource management, food production and supporting their families. However, they also face gender-specific challenges, such as limited access to land, credit and decision-making power, which exacerbate their vulnerability to climate change.
“African communities have been dealing with resilience and adaptation for centuries. There is a lot the world can learn from us.”
Across Africa, frontline communities already exhibit remarkable resilience and innovation in sustainable farming and environmental stewardship. Agroforestry in West Africa has been shown to enhance biodiversity and bolster climate resilience, while ingenious water harvesting techniques in regions like the Sahel secure vital water supplies. In Namibia and Botswana, community-based natural resource management empowers locals, ensuring both improved livelihoods and successful wildlife conservation. Rich in traditional medicinal knowledge, these communities contribute invaluable insights to modern medicine. Proactively, these communities lead in climate adaptation, diversifying agriculture and livelihoods while employing early warning systems for extreme weather.
Existing resilience and adaptation capacity needs to be enhanced
Empowering frontline communities involves providing them with the tools, resources and platforms to actively participate in climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts. This can be achieved through:
COP28's frontline breakthroughs
At COP28, we have witnessed a pronounced emphasis on climate justice, marked by robust advocacy for key initiatives for frontline communities. These include advocating for an increase in adaptation finance to USD40bn a year by 2025 and detailing the delivery of the promised USD100bn to support developing countries. Such efforts have led to the early operationalisation of the Loss and Damage Fund. Here are other key developments that have fostered support for frontline communities:
As at the time of publication, there had been limited progress on the Global Goal on Adaptation with developing countries having had rejected the draft text due to concerns that a lot of their contributions had not been included, such as financial targets and similar considerations. We will continue to watch closely for any updates around this.
Authors: Yulea Roopai, Associate, Sustainability and Climate Change, Strategy& and Matt Muller, Senior Manager, Sustainability and Climate Change, Strategy&
Contributors: Chantal van der Watt, Director, Sustainability and Climate Change, Strategy& and Matimba Shimange, Associate, Strategy&
Lullu Krugel
Chief Economist and Africa Sustainability Leader, PwC South Africa
Tel: +27 (0) 82 708 2330