2014 VAT Regulation prescribing electronic services
The scope of electronic services was limited to a predefined list of electronically supplied services set out in a regulation (the 2014 Regulation) published by the minister of finance.
The 2014 Regulation did not distinguish between B2B and B2C supplies but effectively attempted to capture B2C electronically supplied services. Foreign suppliers that provided electronic services listed in the 2014 Regulation were required to be registered as a VAT vendor where the consideration for supplies to South African recipients exceeded the annual threshold of ZAR 50,000 (approximately USD 2,500). This was regardless of whether the supply was made to a business or consumer recipient.
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2019 VAT Regulation prescribing electronic services
The 2014 Regulation was amended with effect from 1 April 2019 and the definition of electronic services was broadened. This was achieved by removing the predefined list of electronically supplied services and replacing it with the following definition:
“Electronic services include any services supplied by means of an electronic agent, electronic communication or the Internet for any consideration.”
Due to its broad application, guidance was published to clarify the policy intention, that is, to subject to VAT those services that are provided using minimal human intervention. The revenue authority also confirmed the policy intention by indicating that electronic services are services the supply of which:
- Is dependent on information technology
- Is automated, and
- Involves minimal human intervention
Examples of electronic services
Electronic services covered by the regulations include:
- Educational services, such as distance teaching programmes, educational webcasts, courses or education programmes and webinars (excluding educational services that are specifically excluded)
- Games and games of chance, such as electronic games, interactive games, electronic betting or wagering
- Auction services
- Online advertising or the provision of advertising space
- Online shopping portals
- Web-based broadcasting
- Access to or downloading of e-books, audiovisual content, still images, music and films
- Access to blogs, journals, magazines, newspapers, games, publications, social networking, webcasts, webinars, websites, web applications and web series
- Website hosting, data warehousing and application hosting
- Downloads of or access to software
- Software applications (apps) downloaded by users on mobile devices
- Software applications allowing users to provide sharing services such as ridesharing and accommodation
- Supplies of electronic services where the nonresident company supplies procured services to the resident company and the non-resident and resident company form part of the same “group of companies”
- Online booking services
- Online automated maintenance of programmes
The scope includes any service supplied electronically and the above list is not exhaustive
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Excluded from the Regulation:
- Telecommunications
- Educational services provided by a person regulated by an educational authority
- Certain intercompany transactions
In addition, the legislation was amended to allow for “intermediaries” to account for the VAT in certain circumstances, as well as an increase in the VAT registration threshold from ZAR 50,000 (approximately USD 3,000) to ZAR 1 million (approximately USD 50,000), which is in line with the domestic VAT registration threshold.
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Intermediaries
The intermediary rules state that electronic services supplied by an intermediary will be deemed to be made by such intermediary and not the principal where the principal is a non-vendor foreign supplier of electronic services.
An intermediary is a person who facilitates the supply of electronic services by a foreign electronic services supplier in circumstances where that person is responsible for the issuing of invoices and collecting payment in respect of the supply of electronic services.
The phrase “facilitating the supply” may include a range of services in addition to being responsible for issuing invoices and collecting payment, as mentioned above. For example, it could include advertising or listing the electronic services for sale on a platform or electronic marketplace with or without making it known that the sale of the electronic services is being made on behalf of the principal. However, a person cannot qualify as an intermediary if that person is not responsible for the issuing of invoices and collecting payment.
Where a non-vendor foreign principal supplies electronic services to South African residents and has a South African intermediary, the South African intermediary will be required to pay the VAT on electronic supplies to the South African Revenue Service (SARS).
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